Social development and social practice show the importance of small groups rational organization of labor. Sotsialnopsihichniyat climate in the small group is recognized as one of the leading factors of productivity and work quality. For this reason, should be paid more attention to small groups ... Origin and development of interest to small community groups

Psychology of small groups are formed as a major section of social psychology in the late 19th and early 20th century. Particularly intense it develops after 20s of last century.

In 1891, French physician and sociologist Gustave Lyobon published his book "Psychology of the crowd." In it he gives a precise interpretation of the small social groups. Forerunner of the theory of small groups is Henry Hunt, who emphasized the role of relationships in groups and their work (the Activity) results.

Elton Mayo pays special attention to the emotional, unconscious factors influencing the interaction between people involved in small working groups. According to the Mayo group is a micro-society to which it seeks for each of the members in it. In this regard, poor relations between workers and administration lead to social conflict and reduced productivity. Good relations - the opposite. But practice shows that these good relations are extremely rare and if present, it is practical because the administration does not use his power against the workers. When this happens, then conflicts arise.

According to Jacob Moreno achievements and problems in society are the result of the way formed his many small groups. When they are formed between members simptatiya ґ, then no problem and show prospects for success. Conversely, when small groups are formed on administrative, economic or other violent means, then emerge prerequisites for misunderstandings and conflicts in society.

Psychology of small groups has many critics and supporters. The most outspoken opponent reveals Karl Marx and his followers. All they downplay the importance of small groups, focusing their attention on organizing large social groups, classes, parties.

Nature, structure and functioning of anarchist groups

In essence, anarchist groups are informal. Consist and are created by people who follow the ideology of anarchism. These people are under the influence of their common purpose create their own groups and organize themselves. There shall be no outside interference in the affairs of the group and the decisions it takes.

Anarchist groups have full respect for the voice of every member. Decisions are taken by consensus of all members. In these groups no clear leaders, because their nature is based on equality.

Most anarchist groups are decentralized and are open to everyone. They enter and exit the group is free, and participation in decision making. Everything is voluntary. This type of groups and organizations rely on the morale of members who represent them. If this morality be followed strictly by all, creating prospects for development. If ґ demoralize the members, decision making becomes difficult things for a long stalled and conflicts between members.

Centralized anarchist organizations are those that are rather focused directly against the state apparatus, and other activities - environmental, fighting for animal protection, anti-fascist and anti-capitalist - remain in the background. They have a strong discipline and access is restricted. Anarchist groups move toward centralization in the presence of danger. Most are armed and carry out strict conspiratorial activity. Decisions in centralized and decentralized anarchist groups are taken in the same way and no principal differences between them.

Most anarchist groups which do not deal with the basic problem of anarchism - the fight against the state apparatus and preparing bezvlastnicheska armed revolution - are temporary and their activities quickly extinguished, because they are not sufficiently tied to the ideological ideas of anarchism. Permanent anarchist groups are those who are followers of the anarchist movement and bring the history and shed blood of freedom fighters.

In most anarchist organizations have cliques. These cliques are anarchists who have their own vision for the development of the group. Usually these are politically mature people who have reached conclusions that the main part of the group is not reached. In order not to interfere in its free development, the conspirators engage in defense of the external interventions and impacts and act as a regulator in the relationships within the group, and between the group and its enemies.

Conspiratorial groups appear in antiquity. The first purely anarchist conspiratorial groups are created in the 19th century by Sergei Nechaev and other Russian revolutionaries. The controversial "catechism" of Nechaev, to whom Bakunin makes quite kritki posted here by layoffs. In Bulgaria the first conspiratorial groups anarchic principle established in the struggle for national liberation and against the Ottoman Empire. Anarchist movement in Bulgaria has always been associated with a conspiratorial cliques. Mass conspiratorial cliques was until 1944. The most famous, perhaps, such a group is that of Thessalonica bombers - "Gemidzhii" - whose internal relations are relatively well revealed in the memoirs of two survivors Peter and Paul Shatev PM. After this period, there are few attempts to create such.

Usually members of anarchist groups and organizations are unaware of the existence of sazaklyatiyata. Learn about them until they understand what they did. It anarchists-conspirators remain in history and build anarchist tradition. Most of them remain unknown and unappreciated, but this is due to their iron discipline and conspiracy that followed. Although aware that they are doomed from its historical destiny, these people are in solidarity, united and always selfless. •

falkenbach